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BSA · Section 65 · Chapter V — OF DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced.

What this section does

Where a document is alleged to have been signed or written wholly or in part by a particular person, the signature or handwriting of that portion must be affirmatively proved to be in that person's handwriting. The burden of proving authorship of the signature or handwriting lies on the party relying on it.

AI-generated plain-language summary. For the binding statutory text, see India Code (official).

The rule in one line

The signature or handwriting of a document must be proved to be that of the alleged author.

When it applies

  • A party relying on a promissory note must prove that the signature on it is in the handwriting of the alleged executant.
  • Where only part of a document is alleged to be in a person's handwriting, that specific part must be proved to be in their hand.
Old-law correspondence

Derived from IEA s.67.

Read the official text

For the binding statutory text of BSA Section 65, refer to the Gazette of India or the India Code official website.

Why this matters

BSA Section 65 forms part of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam which replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872 on 1 July 2024. Any new filing, FIR, charge sheet, or bail application made on or after that date should cite the new section number. References to the old act in legacy documents remain valid for matters that arose before the changeover.