Secondary evidence.

What this section does

Secondary evidence is defined to include certified copies, copies made by mechanical processes ensuring accuracy, copies compared with the original, counterparts against non-executing parties, oral accounts of a document's contents by a person who has seen it, oral admissions, written admissions, and evidence of a skilled examiner of voluminous accounts. The illustrations clarify which forms of copy qualify and which do not.

AI-generated plain-language summary. For the binding statutory text, see India Code (official).

The rule in one line

Secondary evidence encompasses certified copies, mechanically accurate copies, compared copies, counterparts, oral accounts by eyewitnesses of the document, oral and written admissions, and expert examination of voluminous records.

When it applies

• A certified copy of a registered sale deed is secondary evidence of the deed's contents.
• A photograph of an original document is secondary evidence of its contents if it is proved that the thing photographed was the original.

Derived from IEA s.63.