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Evidence Section 60

Oral evidence must be direct

New section under BSA

BSA Section 54— Proof of facts by oral evidence.

Effective for any FIR, charge sheet, or filing on or after 1 July 2024. Matters that arose before that date continue under the Evidence.

What the new section does

All facts, other than the contents of documents, may be proved by oral evidence. This section establishes the general rule that oral evidence is a competent mode of proof for non-documentary facts.

For the full text of the new section, see the linked BSA page above. For the binding statutory text, refer to the India Code or the Gazette of India. This reference is informational, not legal advice.