When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant.

What this section does

Facts not otherwise relevant become relevant if they are inconsistent with any fact in issue or relevant fact, or if by themselves or in connection with other facts they make the existence or non-existence of any fact in issue or relevant fact highly probable or improbable. This section provides a residual gateway for circumstantial evidence.

AI-generated plain-language summary. For the binding statutory text, see India Code (official).

The rule in one line

Facts that are inconsistent with, or make highly probable or improbable, a fact in issue are relevant even if not otherwise so.

When it applies

• The fact that A was in Ladakh on the day a crime was committed in Chennai is relevant as inconsistent with A's presence at the crime scene.
• Where a crime must have been committed by one of A, B, C, or D, facts showing it could not have been committed by B, C, or D are relevant.

Derived from IEA s.11.