Presumption as to books, maps and charts.
What this section does
The Court may presume that any book it refers to for information on matters of public or general interest, and any published map or chart containing relevant facts and produced for inspection, was written and published by the person and at the time and place it purports to have been written or published. This is a discretionary presumption.
AI-generated plain-language summary. For the binding statutory text, see India Code (official).
The rule in one line
Court may presume authorship, time, and place of publication of reference books and published maps or charts containing relevant facts.
When it applies
- A published atlas produced in court for a geographical fact relevant to a case may be presumed to have been published by the stated publisher at the stated time and place.
- A standard reference book on trade practices consulted by the court on a matter of general commercial interest may be presumed to have been authored as stated on its title page.
Derived from IEA s.87.
Read the official text
For the binding statutory text of BSA Section 89, refer to the Gazette of India or the India Code official website.
Why this matters
BSA Section 89 forms part of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam which replaced the Indian Evidence Act 1872 on 1 July 2024. Any new filing, FIR, charge sheet, or bail application made on or after that date should cite the new section number. References to the old act in legacy documents remain valid for matters that arose before the changeover.