Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf.

What this section does

Admissions are relevant and may be proved against the person who makes them or their representative in interest, but generally cannot be proved by or on behalf of the maker. Three exceptions permit self-serving admissions to be proved by the maker: (1) where the statement would be relevant as a declaration against interest by a deceased person under section 26; (2) where it is a contemporaneous statement of a state of mind or body accompanied by conduct making falsehood improbable; and (3) where it is relevant on some ground other than as an admission.

AI-generated plain-language summary. For the binding statutory text, see India Code (official).

The rule in one line

Admissions are provable against their maker but not by the maker, except where the statement would be admissible as a dying or deceased person's declaration, is a contemporaneous statement of mental or bodily state, or is relevant on another independent ground.

When it applies

• B may prove A's statement that a deed is forged, but A cannot prove his own statement that the deed is genuine.
• A accused of a crime at Kolkata may prove a letter written and posted by himself from Chennai on that date, because if he were dead it would be admissible under section 26.

Derived from IEA s.21.