Fabricating false evidence
What this section does
Defines fabricating false evidence as causing a false circumstance to exist, making a false entry in any book, record or electronic record, or creating a document or electronic record containing a false statement, with the intent that such material will appear as evidence in a judicial proceeding, a proceeding before a public servant, or before an arbitrator, and thereby cause an erroneous opinion on a material point.
AI-generated plain-language summary. For the binding statutory text, see India Code (official).
Practitioner note
This section is definitional only; punishment is prescribed in section 229. The definition expressly covers electronic records, reflecting the digital era. The intent to cause an erroneous opinion on a material point is an essential element.
Derived from IPC s.192.
Read the official text
For the binding statutory text of BNS Section 228, refer to the Gazette of India or the India Code official website.
Why this matters
BNS Section 228 forms part of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita which replaced the Indian Penal Code 1860 on 1 July 2024. Any new filing, FIR, charge sheet, or bail application made on or after that date should cite the new section number. References to the old act in legacy documents remain valid for matters that arose before the changeover.